The three factors Google itself says it uses

HOW TO RANK HIGHER ON GOOGLE FOR LOCAL SEARCHES

Google is unusually direct about this one: it publicly states that local ranking comes down to relevance, distance, and prominence. Most advice online skips straight to tactics without explaining the factors those tactics are actually influencing — here's both.

Relevance — does your listing match what was searched?

How well your Business Profile and website content match the search terms used. A generic 'General Contractor' category matched against a search for 'deck builder' is weaker than a specific, correctly chosen category and service list that names decking explicitly.

What you control: category selection, a complete services list, and website content that uses the same specific language customers actually search with — not vague industry jargon.

Distance — how far is the searcher from you?

Purely geographic, and the one factor you genuinely cannot change after the fact — your business address is your business address. What you can influence is whether Google correctly understands your full service area (not just your pin location) so you still surface for nearby towns you legitimately serve.

Prominence — how well-known and well-reviewed is your business?

This is where sustained effort actually moves the needle: review count and rating, citation consistency across the web (your business listed accurately on other sites), backlinks to your website, and general search visibility all feed into prominence.

It's also influenced by real-world prominence Google can detect — press mentions, being listed in local directories, and links from other reputable local sites.

Where most small businesses lose the most ground

Not distance (fixed) and rarely relevance (a one-time fix) — almost always prominence, because it requires ongoing effort: consistently asking for reviews, keeping listings updated, and building the kind of website content and reputation that earns links and mentions over time. This is the one that compounds, and the one most businesses neglect after initial setup.

FAQ

Can I improve my ranking without spending money?
Yes — correct category selection, a complete Business Profile, and consistently asking for reviews are all free and directly influence relevance and prominence, the two factors you can actually move.
Does having a website really affect local ranking, or just Google Business Profile?
Both matter and reinforce each other — your website's relevance and authority feed into your overall prominence, and Google's local algorithm explicitly considers signals from your linked website, not just the Business Profile in isolation.
How long does it take to see ranking improvements?
Relevance fixes (category, services list) can shift within weeks. Prominence — reviews, citations, backlinks — is a compounding, months-to-years game, not a quick win.

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